We recommend using aĪuthors: John McMurry, Professor Emeritus Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses theĬreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License By interpreting these motions, we can find out what kinds of bonds (functional groups) are present in the molecule. Since each frequency absorbed by a molecule corresponds to a specific molecular motion, we can find what kinds of motions a molecule has by measuring its IR spectrum. The result of this energy absorption is an increased amplitude for the vibration in other words, the “spring” connecting the two atoms stretches and compresses a bit further. When a molecule is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, energy is absorbed if the frequency of the radiation matches the frequency of the vibration. In fact, a typical C–H bond with an average bond length of 110 pm is actually vibrating at a specific frequency, alternately stretching and contracting as if there were a spring connecting the two atoms. Although we usually speak of bond lengths as if they were fixed, the numbers given are really averages. That is, a molecule can stretch or bend only at specific frequencies corresponding to specific energy levels. The amount of energy a molecule contains is not continuously variable but is quantized.
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